Non-invasive brain stimulation may help treat symptoms of rare movement disorders
Electrical stimulation of the brain and spinal cord may help treat the symptoms of rare movement disorders called neurodegenerative ataxias, according to a study published in the August 22, 2018, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
Ataxic Gait Demonstration. The patient’s gait is wide-based with truncal instability and irregular lurching steps which results in lateral veering and if severe, falling. This type of gait is seen in midline cerebellar disease. It can also be seen with severe lose of proprioception (sensory ataxia). Kaltura
Renee Tessman, American Academy of Neurology August 22, 2018
There are several types of these disorders, which can be hereditary or occur randomly, including spinocerebellar ataxia, multiple system atrophy and Friedreich’s ataxia. Symptoms of ataxias include a lack of coordination that can cause clumsy movements of arms and legs, problems with speech clarity, and sometimes problems with vision, thinking and memory abilities.
The electrical stimulation is called transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive therapy that delivers a small electrical current through electrodes placed on the head and along the spine.
“These diseases can be devastating, and no effective treatments are currently available for most of these disorders, so there is great interest in finding new treatments to help reduce symptoms,” said study author Barbara Borroni MD, of the University of Brescia in Brescia, Italy.
The study involved 20 people with several types of ataxias that affected the cerebellar area of the brain, the part of the brain that helps coordinate movement. They were an average age of 55 and had the disease for an average of 13 years. The participants were divided into two groups. One group received electrical stimulation of the brain and spinal cord five days a week for two weeks while the other group received a sham stimulation where the electrodes were placed on the participant, but the electric current was powered down after five seconds.
The participants were evaluated before the study began and again at two weeks, one month and three months after the treatment on overall tests of ataxia, tests of hand and arm dexterity and how fast they could walk, as well as tests of how their brains were responding to the treatment. Then the participants waited during a three-month “wash-out” period before receiving the opposite treatment and taking the tests again.
When the participants received the stimulation treatment, they improved in every test, while when they received the sham stimulation, they showed no improvement on any test. For example, on the test of how fast participants could walk eight meters (about 26 feet), participants took an average of 9.4 seconds before the study started. One month after receiving the stimulation, they took an average of 7.8 seconds. After the sham stimulation, the participants had no changes in their times to complete the test.
On a test of hand and arm coordination, participants took an average of 53 seconds to place and remove pegs from a peg board before the study started. One month after receiving the stimulation, participants took an average of 47 seconds to complete the test, while after the sham stimulation they had no change in their speed.
Borroni noted that the results lasted for at least three months for participants.
“The people who had milder symptoms of their disease showed the greatest improvement in their test scores, suggesting that this stimulation should be given at an early stage of the disease to be more effective,” Borroni said.
A limitation of the study was the small number of participants and that they had various types of neurodegenerative ataxias, so the results may not be applicable to all people with these disorders.
The study was supported by the Italian Association for Alzheimer Research Onlus COOP.
| Learn more about ataxias at BrainandLife.org, the American Academy of Neurology’s free patient and caregiver magazine and website focused on the intersection of neurologic disease and brain health. Follow Brain & LifeTM on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. |
| The American Academy of Neurology is the world’s largest association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, with 34,000 members. The AAN is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. A neurologist is a doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, migraine, multiple sclerosis, concussion, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. |
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Source American Academy of Neurology
| References |
Cerebello-spinal tDCS in ataxia: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover trial, Benussi A, Dell’Era V, Cantoni V, Bonetta E, Grasso R, Manenti R, Cotelli M, Padovani A, Borroni B. Neurology. 2018 Sep 18;91(12):e1090-e1101. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006210. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Also see
Electrical Stimulation May Help Treat Neurodegenerative Ataxias RareDR
What is Ataxia National Ataxia Foundation
Cerebellar Ataxia vs. Sensory Ataxia in Promises Treatment Centers
Sensory ataxia The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
Movement control: how our brain responds to unexpected situations University of Basel
Coupling of movement and vision Medical Xpress
