Canada spends over $400 million on medicine that harms seniors

Canada spends more than $400 million annually on drugs prescribed to seniors even though the medicines should be avoided for older patients, according to new UBC research.

PEI doctor warns about dangers of over-medication. Dr. Roland Chiasson has a simple message for seniors: “If you don’t need drugs, don’t be taking any of them.” CBC News

University of British Columbia June 22, 2016

The study authors conclude that the full cost to Canada’s health-care system is closer to $2 billion when hospital visits and other repercussions of inappropriate prescriptions are factored in.

“We’re wasting vast sums of money on drugs that we know pose more risks than benefits for patients over 65 years of age,” said Steve Morgan, a professor in the school of population and public health. “Canada urgently needs a national strategy to ensure that older patients receive only those medications that are appropriate for their health and for their age.”

Physiological changes associated with aging alter the effects of many drugs, making some medications potentially inappropriate for older adults.

Using prescription claims data for 2013 in all provinces except Québec, Morgan and colleagues looked for prescriptions filled by patients age 65 and older for medications listed as potentially inappropriate by the American Geriatrics Society. The list, known as the Beers List, is a well-established guide to help health care providers avoid medicines that pose greater risks than other available treatments for older patients.

The researchers found that 37 per cent of older Canadians filled one or more prescriptions on the Beers List in 2013. Women were more likely than men to fill such prescriptions. Sedatives were the leading contributors to both the frequency and cost of potentially inappropriate prescriptions among older Canadians.

Researchers advise that patients, families and health-care providers have more conversations about what sorts of medications an individual is taking and whether those medications are appropriate.

“We hope these findings help destigmatize discussions on medication use and that health-care providers make time for these important conversations,” said Morgan. “We need to ask more questions like: ‘Am I (or is my mother or father) on the right kind of medicine?’ ”

A new study from Belgium indicates that the majority of community-dwelling elderly adults are taking prescription medications inappropriately. The study, published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, also found a link between underuse—not taking essential medications—and an increased risk of dying or needing to be hospitalized.

The researchers call for the creation of a national strategy on the appropriate use of medicines. Other countries, such as Australia, have done so and found that investing in better prescribing behaviour and medication use improves patient health while significantly reducing prescription drug costs and costs elsewhere in the health-care system.

Morgan believes that costs associated with developing a Canadian strategy on the use of medicines – estimated to be between $40 to $60 million for Canada – would be more than offset by the reduced cost of inappropriate prescriptions for older adults alone.

Quick facts

37 per cent: number of older Canadians filled one or more prescriptions not recommended for people older than 65
42 per cent: Women over 65 are more likely than men to fill a prescription not recommended for older people
No. 1 medicine inappropriately prescribed to seniors: Benzodiazepines, also known as sedatives and used to treat insomnia and anxiety
$400 million spent annually in Canada on drugs prescribed to seniors even though the medicines should be avoided for older patients or $75 per Canadian aged 65 and older
$1.8 billion: estimated full cost to Canadian health-care system of inappropriate prescriptions to older Canadians ($1.8 billion = over $400 million for the prescriptions and an estimated $1.4 billion for health system costs)
$40 to $60 million: the cost to develop a national strategy on the appropriate use of medicines in Canada.
A national strategy would involve multiple policies of federal, provincial, and territorial governments to educate and empower patients and health professionals to make informed decisions and about the use of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments, and initiatives to monitor and evaluate prescribing patterns and health outcomes.

Source University of British Columbia via EurekAlert! AAOS

References

Frequency and cost of potentially inappropriate prescribing for older adults: a cross-sectional study, Steven G. Morgan, PhD, Jordan Hunt, MA, Jocelyn Rioux, BSc, Jeffery Proulx, BSc, Deirdre Weymann, MA, Cara Tannenbaum, MD, MSc. CMAJO June 22, 2016 vol. 4 no. 2 E346-E351. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20150131

Beers Criteria for Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Patients: An Update from the AGS, Croke L. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Jan 1;101(1):56-57.

A Pocket Guide to the AGS 2015 Beers Criteria, PDF, The American Geriatrics Society (AGS). Pocket Published 2015.